Clonogenic Assay

Stem cells and their recognizance in the treatment of various diseases began with the discovery of the concept of Ernest A. McCulloch and James E. Till in the 1960s. Stem cells are basic cells and are still in their undifferentiated state. They are potential candidates who, once rapid mitotic divisions give rise to specialized cells, after having undergone a process called cell differentiation. A differentiated cell is a specialized cell and forms the basis of structural and functional tissue-system in a multicellular organism. Stem cells are distinct from any other adult cell of the organism in this

They are capable of continuous mitotic divisions and self-renewal over long periods without undergoing the process of differentiation. This property is called the cell proliferation.

Stem cells are unspecialized and undifferentiated. They are capable of specialization, according to a specific cell line upon receipt of certain signals. The signals are using internal controls genes. The microenvironment of the cell generated by specific chemical secreted by cells adjacent to the physical contact and without which triggers the process of specialization referred to differentiation. Presence of protein Oct-4 is a contributing factor to turn on or off of genes responsible for differentiation. It does this by controlling the transcription in undifferentiated cells cells.Stem also called progenitor cells or cells of the mother and are broadly classified as

Embryonic stem cells are derived from the blastocyst stage 32-64 cell morula or early development of the fertilized egg. Meanwhile, the fertilized egg now referred to as blastula is 5-6 one day. Its appearance is similar to the fruit of the mulberry. In the normal course of development of the outer most cells referred to epiblast that are likely to give rise to all three germ layers derived from primary, namely ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. Each layer has its unique role in the development of specific cell type contributing to the formation of a specific organ and organ system. Presence of cell surface proteins as SSEA3 glycolipid antigens SSEA4 and keratin sulfate addition Fibroblast Growth Factor FGF-2 and genetic manipulation plays a role in the differentiation infusion.

Adult stem cells are found primarily in bone marrow and in some tissues of another adult. Their proliferation can replenish specialized cells that deplete at a constant number.

Cord blood stem cells are found in the umbilical cord in the fetus.

Stem cells are totipotent. This means they can become any specialized cell. The stem cells that divide without undergoing the process of differentiation are called pluripotent cells. Unipotent stem cells are capable of generating a single line of specialized cells.

The multipotent stem cells of the type found in the bone marrow contains hematopoietic cells. These cells are capable of differentiating into many varieties of red blood cells, white cells and platelets. Stem cells offer a permanent solution to treat deadly diseases and eliminates the role of modern medicine. It is through the use of cell repair or regeneration therapy based. Diseases such as cancer, heart disease, arthritis, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease will be more formidable once the treatment is authenticated. They offer the possibility of flow of renewable fresh cells that replace defective cells. This is a chance to give life to another rejuvenating worn and defective batteries that were the reasons underlying the manifestation of the disease.

Restorative cell therapy is undertaken with success because of the property called plasticity inherent in.